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10 Gurus – Birth Dates, Gurgaddi, Joti Jot, Family, Gurbani Creation

Ten Sikh Gurus from Guru Nanak to Gobind Singh - their Date of Birth, Guruship and Ascension, Parents - Spouse - Children Details along with their contribution to Guru Granth Sahib.

Sikhizm by Sikhizm
July 24, 2022
in Biography, Sikh Gurus
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10 Gurus - Birth Dates, Gurgaddi, Joti Jot, Family Details, Gurbani Creation
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10 Sikh Gurus

10 Gurus of Sikh Faith: Sikhism is a devout religion founded by Guru Nanak Dev in the Punjab region of South Asia in the 15th century. It is the fifth-largest religion in the world in terms of the number of believers. The philosophy of Sikhism is called Gurmat which is based on the belief in God which is represented by an Oankaar (meaning one God). Sikhs do not believe in heaven or hell.

First GuruSri Guru Nanak Dev Ji
Second GuruSri Guru Angad Dev Ji
Third GuruSri Guru Amar Dass Ji
Fourth GuruSri Guru Ram Dass Ji
Fifth GuruSri Guru Arjan Dev Ji
Sixth GuruSri Guru Hargobind Sahi Ji
Seventh GuruSri Guru Har Rai Ji
Eighth GuruSri Guru Har Krishan Sahib Ji
Ninth GuruSri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
Tenth GuruSri Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Before his death, Guru Nanak appointed one of his Sikhs as the second Guru and entrusted him with the task of guiding the Sikh community. This tradition continued till the Tenth Guru, Gobind Singh (1666-1708) who established the Khalsa on Baisakhi 1699 AD and gave a distinct identity to the Sikhs; He baptized five Sikhs and named them Panj Pyare, after which the Guru himself baptized them at his request. Guru Gobind Singh ended the tradition of appointing human successor by establishing Guru Granth Sahib on the highest seat and living Guru before ascending the Sach Khand.

A western thinker offers a befitting epithet each to the 10 Gurus as a mark of their distinct individualities considered in totality. The qualities applied to the Gurus may not be incorrect but they do not suggest any comprehensive representation of the Guru under reference. However, it would make interesting reading to note how each Guru is viewed :

Guru Nanak (humility);
Guru Angad Dev (Obedience);
Guru Amar Das (Equality);
Guru Ram Das (Service);
Guru Arjan Dev (Self-Sacrifice);
Guru Hargobind (Justice);
Guru Har Rai (Mercy);
Guru Har Krishan (Purity);
Guru Tegh Bahadur (Calmness);
Guru Gobind Singh (Royal Courage).

Sikh Guru Names in Punjabi

1ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ
2ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ
3ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ ਜੀ
4ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮਦਾਸ ਜੀ
5ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਜੀ
6ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ
7ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ਜੀ
8ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਣ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ
9ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦੁਰ ਜੀ
10ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ

10 Sikh Gurus – Their Birth (Parkash) and Ascension

In tradition, the words Birth, and Death are less likely to be used for Sikh Gurus. A Sikh firmly believes that his Guru is never born, and never dies. So we use the words Parkash and Joti Jot for Birth and Death of Physical Embodiment of Gurus. Starting from Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji in 1469, Guruship remained till the ascension of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1708. We have Prepared a List for 10 Gurus – Their Birth, Birth Place, Ascension – Date & Place of Joti Jot.

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Ten Sikh Gurus – Their Families

List of 10 Gurus – Their Real Names before Guruship, Parents Detail, Mahal (Spouse Name), and Detail of Children. Gurus have been married once mostly except Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji, Guru Har Rai Ji, and Guru Gobind Singh Ji. All Added from First Nanak to 10th Nanak, Gurughar bore 27 Children. 6 of them were given Gurgaddi, rest has their own places in history.

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Sikh Gurus and Their Part in Sri Guru Granth Sahib

It is not appropriate to call Sri Guru Granth Sahib as Holy Book of Sikhs as It has been established as the living Guru of Sikhs. Sri Guru Granth Sahib was first compiled as Pothi Sahib by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji with the inclusion of Gurbani created by 5 Gurus. Baani of 9th Guru and 1 Shloka of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji were later added while re-compiling the Aadi Granth as Damdami Bir by the 10th Master himself. Below is a List of Gurus with Detail of the Number of Shabads or Shlokas written by them that are included in Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

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Guru Nanak Dev Ji - 10 Sikh Gurus - Founder of Sikhism

1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji

Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji founded the Sikh faith. He proclaimed the divine word for the indivisible nature of god ‘Ik Oankar’ and gave the world lofty “Mool Mantar”

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Guru Angad Dev Ji

2. Guru Angad Dev Ji

Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji created and Introduced the Gurmukhi Script. He started the tradition of “Mall Akhada” and expanded the institution of Langar.

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Guru Amar Das Ji

3. Guru Amar Das Ji

He took up cudgels against the restrictions placed by the caste system and the custom of purdah. He introduced new customs for birth and death ceremonies.

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Guru Ramdas Ji

4. Guru Ram Das Ji

Guru Ka Chak or Ram Dass Pura which later became the focal point for the Sikh Tradition with the name Amritsar Sahib was founded by the Fourth Master.

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Guru Arjan Dev Ji - 10 Sikh Guru

5. Guru Arjan Dev Ji

Guru Arjan compiled the Adi Granth or Pothi Sahib, completed the construction of Harmandir Sahib, and became the first martyr in the Sikh Tradition.

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Guru Hargobind Sahib JI

6. Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji

He was the first Saint Soldier among Sikh Gurus. Took up 2 swords of Miri and Piri, constructed Akal Takht – a symbolic of Raj Satta and Throne of the Eternal God.

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Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji - 10 Sikh Gurus

7. Guru Har Rai Ji

Devoted himself to further spreading the teachings of Guru Nanak, and excommunicated his son Ram Rai from Sikhi for manipulating a word of Gurbani in from of Aurangzeb.

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Guru Harkrishan Sahib Ji - 10 Sikh Gurus

8. Guru Harkrishan Ji

Bala Preetam Guru Ji enabled a mute person to translate the Gita, and left his body at a very young age while healing the people of Delhi during the Chickenpox pandemic.

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Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji

9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji

Guru Ji established Anandpur Sahib – the Haven of Bliss. He made supreme sacrifice to protect the Hindus, and accepted execution instead of converting to Islam.

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Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji

10. Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Guru Gobind Singh re-created Adi Granth and passed Guruship to Guru Granth Sahib, Established Khalsa Panth, and fought many wars, Sacrificed his 4 children to the faith.

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Ten Sikh Gurus – There Birth & Date of Ascension

PatshahiNameBirthBirth PlaceJoti JotJoti Jot Place
FirstGuru Nanak Dev15-04-1469Rai Bhoi Di Talwandi, Delhi Sultanat22-09-1539Kartarpur, Mughal Empire
SecondGuru Angad Dev31-03-1504Matte Di Sarai, Muktsar, Panjab29-03-1552Khadur Sahib, Tarn Taran
ThirdGuru Amar Dass05-05-1479Basarke, Punjab01-09-1574Goindwal Sahib, Punjab
FourthGuru Ram Dass24-09-1534Chuna Mandi Lahore01-09-1581Goindwal Sahib, Punjab
FifthGuru Arjan Dev15-04-1563Goindwal, Taran Taran30-05-1606Lahore, Punjab
SixthGuru Hargobind Sahib19-06-1595Guru Ki Wadali, Amritsar28-02-1644Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab
SeventhGuru Har Rai16-01-1630Kiratpur Sahib06-10-1661Kiratpur Sahib, Punjab
EighthGuru Har Krishan07-07-1656Kiratpur Sahib30-03-1664Delhi
NinthGuru Tegh Bahadur21-04-1621Amritsar Sahib24-11-1675Delhi
TenthGuru Gobind Singh22-12-1666Patna Sahib, Bihar07-10-1708Nanded, Maharashtra

Family Details of 10 Sikh Gurus

GuruReal NameFather NameMother NameSpouseChildren
1NanakKalyan DassMata Tripta DeviMata SulakhniBaba Sri Chand, Baba Lakhmi Dass
2LehnaPheru MalMata RamoMata KhiviBaba Dasu, Baba Dattu, Bibi Amro, Bibi Anokhi
3Amar DasTej BhanMata LachhmiMata Mansa DeviBhai Mohan, Bhai Mohri, Bibi Dani, Bibi Bhani
4Jetha MalHari DasMata DayaMata BhaniBaba Prithi Chand, Baba Mahan Dev, Guru Arjan Dev
5Arjan DevGuru Ram DassMata BhaniMata GangaGuru Hargobind Sahib
6HargobindGuru Arjan DevMata GangaMata NanakiBaba Gurdita, Baba Suraj Mal, Baba Ani Rai, Baba Atal Rai, Guru Tegh Bahadur, Bibi Veero
7Har RaiBaba GurdittaMata Nihal KaurMata Krishan DeviBaba Ram Rai, Guru Harkrishan
8Kishan DasGuru Har RaiMata KrishanNoneNone
9Tyag MalGuru Hargobind SahibMata NanakiMata GujriGuru Gobind Singh
10Gobind RaiGuru Tegh BahadurMata GujriMata Jito, Mata Sundari, Mata Sahib DevanAjit Singh, Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh, Fateh Singh, Entire Khalsa Panth

Gurbani Creation by 10 Gurus

GuruGurushipGurbani Creation
Guru Nanak Dev1469-1539974 Shabads in 19 Ragas, Gurbani Includes Japji, Sidh Gohst, Sohilaa, Dakhni Onkar, Asa di Var, Patti, Bara Mah
Guru Angad Dev1539-155263 Shlokas
Guru Amar Dass1552–1574869 Shabads in 17 Ragas [Anand, Patti, 4 Vaars in Goojri Soohi Ramkali and Maaru Raga]
Guru Ram Dass1574-1581638 Shabads in 30 Ragaas [8 Vaars Siri, Gaurhi, Bihagda, Vadhans, Sorath, Bilawal, Sarang, Kanra Raga + Ghodian, Karhale, Banjara, and 4 Laavan]
Guru Arjan Dev1581-16062312 Shabads in 30 Ragas [Sukhmani, Barah Maah, 52 Akhri, Gunvanti, 6 Vaars in Gaurhi, Goojri, Jaitsari, Ramkali, Maaru & Basant]
Guru Hargobind Sahib1606-1644
Guru Har Rai1644–1661
Guru Har Krishan1661-1664
Guru Tegh Bahadur1664-1675116 Shabad (15 Ragas) including Shloks of Bhog.
Guru Gobind Singh1675-17081 Shabad in GGS, Dasam Granth Sahib [Akaal Ustat, Jaap Sahib, Chandi Di Vaar, Bachittar Natak, Chaupai, Tav-prasad Svaiyye]

Sikh Gurus and Mughal Emperors

Below is the list of Sikh Gurus alongside the contemporary throned King at the high seat of Delhi.

Gurgaddi SrName of GuruEmperor of Delhi
1Guru Nanak Dev JiBehlol Lodhi, Sikander Lodhi, Babar
2Guru Angad Dev JiHumayun, Shershah Suri
3Guru Amardas JiAkbar
4Guru Ramdas JiAkbar
5Guru Arjan Dev JiJahangir
6Guru Hargobind Sahib JiJahangir, Sheharyar, Shahjahan
7Guru Har Rai JiShahjahan, Aurangzeb
8Guru Harkrishan JiAurangzeb
9Guru Tegh Bahadur JiAurangzeb
10Guru Gobind Singh JiAurangzeb, Bahadur Shah

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